• Closed-Loop Chemical Recycling of Waste PLA via Hydrolysis-Assisted Depolymerization and Solid-State Polymerization
  • Ju-Hong Lee, Won-Bin Lim, Jae-Ryong Lee, Jin-Gyu Min, Keun-Ho Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Ji-Hong Bae*,† , and PilHo Huh

  • Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
    *Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea

  • 가수분해 기반 해중합 및 고상중합을 통한 폐 PLA의 폐루프 화학적 재활용
  • 이주홍 · 임원빈 · 이재룡 · 민진규 · 이근호 · 이지원 · 배지홍*,† · 허필호

  • 부산대학교 고분자공학과, *부산대학교 신약개발연구소

  • Reproduction, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of any part of this publication is permitted only by written permission from the Polymer Society of Korea.

Abstract

This study presents an efficient closed-loop chemical recycling strategy designed to convert end-of-life poly(lactic acid) (PLA) waste into high value bioplastics, thereby addressing the critical limitations of mechanical recycling, such as molecular weight reduction and property deterioration. To achieve material circularity with restored performance, recycled PLA was depolymerized via hydrolysis and subsequently repolymerized through melt ring-opening polymerization. Initially, PLA waste was subjected to hydrolysis pretreatment at 100 °C to control molecular weight, facilitating efficient catalytic depolymerization into crude lactide using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate [Sn(Oct)2]. The collected L-lactide was subsequently purified via a green recrystallization method using ethanol, achieving a stereochemical purity exceeding 98.5%, which is comparable to that of commercial virgin lactide (approximately 99%). The purified monomer was then converted into high-molecular-weight PLA (Mw > 70000 g/mol) through melt ring-opening polymerization (ROP) followed by solid-state polymerization (SSP). In this case, SSP was employed as a polymerization method to address the limitations of melt polymerization, particularly the broad molecular weight distribution. Comprehensive structural and thermal characterization, including size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confirmed that the chemically recycled PLA (CR-PLA) exhibits structural integrity, molecular weight distribution, and thermal stability comparable to those of virgin PLA. This work demonstrates a practical pathway for the circular economy of PLA, offering a sustainable solution for plastic waste management while successfully recovering high-performance polymeric materials.


본 연구에서는 사용 후 폐 poly(lactic acid)(PLA)를 단량체 수준으로 분해한 후 재중합을 통해 고분자량 PLA로 복원하는 폐루프 화학적 재활용 공정을 제시하였다. 기계적 재활용 과정에서 반복적인 열가공으로 인해 발생하는 분자량 감소 및 물성 저하의 한계를 극복하기 위하여, 가수분해 전처리–촉매적 해중합–정제–재중합–고상중합을 통합한 순환 공정을 설계하였다. 먼저 촉매 무첨가 수열 조건(100 °C)에서 가수분해 전처리를 수행하여 PLA의 평균 분자량을 효과적으로 감소시킴으로써 점도를 낮추고 촉매 접근성을 향상시켰다. 이어서 Sn(Oct)2 촉매 존재 하에서 감압 조건으로 촉매적 언지핑(unzipping) 해중합을 수행하여 L-락타이드를 회수하였다. 회수된 조(crude) 락타이드는 에탄올 기반 재결정 공정을 통해 정제되었으며, HPLC 분석 결과 98.5% 이상의 높은 광학 순도를 유지함을 확인하였다. 정제된 L-락타이드는 용융 고리개환중합(ring-opening polymerization, ROP)을 통해 재중합되었고, 후속 고상중합(solid-state polymerization, SSP)을 적용하여 분자량 증가와 분자량 분포(Ɖ)의 협소화를 달성하였다. 그 결과 중량평균분자량(Mw) 70000 g/mol 이상의 고분자량 PLA를 재생할 수 있었으며, SEC, 1H NMR, HPLC 및 TGA 분석을 통해 구조적 건전성, 분자량 특성 및 열적 안정성이 상용 virgin PLA와 동등한 수준임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 가수분해 보조 해중합–친환경 정제–재중합–고상중합을 통합한 공정을 통해 폐 PLA로부터 고성능 고분자를 회복할 수 있음을 실증하였으며, PLA의 고부가가치 순환 이용을 위한 실질적인 화학적 재활용 기반을 제시한다.


Keywords: poly(lactic acid), chemical recycling, hydrolysis-assisted depolymerization, lactide recovery, green purification, solid-state polymerization, closed-loop system.

  • Polymer(Korea) 폴리머
  • Frequency : Bimonthly(odd)
    ISSN 2234-8077(Online)
    Abbr. Polym. Korea
  • 2024 Impact Factor : 0.6
  • Indexed in SCIE

This Article

  • 2026; 50(3): 493-504

    Published online May 25, 2026

  • 10.7317/pk.2026.50.3.493
  • Received on Feb 23, 2026
  • Revised on Feb 24, 2026
  • Accepted on Feb 25, 2026

Correspondence to

  • Ji-Hong Bae*, PilHo Huh
  • Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
    *Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea

  • E-mail: jhbae@pusan.ac.kr, pilho.huh@pusan.ac.kr