• Effect of Density Variation on the Morphological Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Sound Absorption Characteristics of Flexible Polyurethane Foams
  • Joohwan Lee and Jung Hyeun Kim

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Korea

  • 밀도 변화에 따른 연질 폴리우레탄 폼의 모폴로지 구조, 기계적 물성 및 흡음 특성
  • 이주환 · 김정현

  • 서울시립대학교 화학공학과

  • Reproduction, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of any part of this publication is permitted only by written permission from the Polymer Society of Korea.

Abstract

Flexible polyurethane (FPU) foams with different densities were prepared by varying the pouring amount while maintaining the same formulation, and the effects of density on morphology, comfort-related mechanical properties, and acoustic performance were investigated. As the density increased, the cavity size, pore size, and open porosity decreased, whereas the cell wall area ratio increased, indicating progressive densification of the cellular structure. The sag factor decreased with increasing density, while hysteresis loss exhibited a non-monotonic behavior and reached a maximum at 75 kg/m3. In contrast, the maximum sound absorption coefficient, acoustic activity, and noise reduction coefficient increased with density. These results indicate that density is a key factor governing both the mechanical and acoustic properties of FPU foams through structural evolution.


본 연구에서는 동일한 조성의 연질 폴리우레탄(FPU) 폼을 몰드 투입량 조절을 통해 서로 다른 밀도로 제조하고, 밀도 변화에 따른 모폴로지 구조, 착좌감 관련 기계적 물성 및 음향 특성의 변화를 분석하였다. 밀도가 증가할수록 공동 크기, 미세구멍 크기 및 미세구멍 개폐도는 감소하였고, 공동 세포벽 면적비는 증가하여 셀 구조의 치밀화가 확인되었다. 꺼짐 인자는 밀도 증가에 따라 감소하였으며, 이력손실은 75 kg/m3에서 최댓값을 나타내는 비단조적 거동을 보였다. 또한 최대 흡음계수, 음향 활성 및 소음 감소율은 밀도 증가에 비례하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 밀도는 FPU 폼의 셀 구조 변화를 유도함으로써 기계적 물성 및 음향 특성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자임을 확인하였다.


Keywords: flexible polyurethane foam, sag factor, hysteresis loss, sound absorption coefficient, morphology.

  • Polymer(Korea) 폴리머
  • Frequency : Bimonthly(odd)
    ISSN 2234-8077(Online)
    Abbr. Polym. Korea
  • 2025 Impact Factor : 1.0
  • Indexed in SCIE

This Article

  • 2026; 50(4): 600-606

    Published online Jul 25, 2026

  • 10.7317/pk.2026.50.4.600
  • Received on Apr 1, 2026
  • Revised on Apr 29, 2026
  • Accepted on Apr 29, 2026

Correspondence to

  • Jung Hyeun Kim
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Korea

  • E-mail: jhkimad@uos.ac.kr