• Development of Measurement Technology for Uptake and Diffusivity of Hydrogen Gas in Peroxide-Crosslinked EPDM Polymer Composites Blended with Fillers using Image Analysis Algorithm of Cylinder Water Level

  • Ji Hun Lee*, **,† , Sang Koo Jeon**, Myung Chan Choi***, and Seung Yeon Kim****

  • *Department of Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Korea
    **Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea
    ***Korea Institute of Materials Convergence Technology, 152, Danggamseo-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47154, Korea
    ****Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea

  • 실린더 수위의 이미지 분석 알고리즘을 이용한 충전제가 함유된 페록사이드 가교 EPDM 고분자 복합체의 수소 기체 충전량 및 확산도 측정 기술 개발

  • 이지훈*, **,† · 전상구** · 최명찬*** · 김승연****

  • *과학기술연합대학원대학교 한국표준과학연구원 측정과학전공, **한국표준과학연구원 수소에너지소재연구팀, ***한국소재융합연구원 탄성소재연구단, ****경희대학교 전자공학과

  • Reproduction, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of any part of this publication is permitted only by written permission from the Polymer Society of Korea.

References
  • 1. Liu, C.; Zhang, R.; Tian, L.; Pei, Y.; Li, Y. Research Progress on Compatibility of Non-Metallic Pipes in Hydrogen Environment. Nat. Gas Ind. 2022, 42, 145-156.
  •  
  • 2. Smith, D. B.; Frame, B. J.; Anovitz, L. M.; Makselon, C. Feasibility of Using Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines for Hydrogen Delivery. Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Vancouver, Canada, July 17-21, 2016.
  •  
  • 3. Lee, C. H.; Jung, J. K.; Kim, K. S.; Kim, C. J. Hierarchical Channel Morphology in O-Rings after Two Cycling Exposures to 70 MPa Hydrogen Gas: A Case Study of Sealing Failure. Sci. Rep. 2024, 14, 5319.
  •  
  • 4. LePree, J. Strengthening the Weakest Link. Chem. Eng. 2009, 116, 19-22.
  •  
  • 5. Kim, G.-H.; Moon, Y.-I.; Jung, J.-K.; Choi, M.-C.; Bae, J.-W. Influence of Carbon Black and Silica Fillers with Different Concentrations on Dielectric Relaxation in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy. Polymers 2022, 14, 155.
  •  
  • 6. Yuan, S.; Zhang, S.; Wei, J.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, H. Materials Selection, Design, and Regulation of Polymer-Based Hydrogen Barrier Composite Coatings, Membranes, and Films for Effective Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2024, 91, 555-573.
  •  
  • 7. Li, G.; Zhang, J.; Chai, J.; Ni, Z.; Yan, Y. Cryogenic Mechanical Performance and Gas-Barrier Property of Epoxy Resins Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2024, 89, 738-745.
  •  
  • 8. Chauhan, P. S.; Bhatt, G.; Bhattacharya, S. Leakage Monitoring in Inflatable Space Antennas: A Perspective to Sensitive Detection of Helium and Nitrogen Gases. In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp 209-222.
  •  
  • 9. Menon, N. C.; Kruizenga, A. M.; Alvine, K. J.; San Marchi, C.; Nissen, A.; Brooks, K., Behaviour of Polymers in High Pressure Environments as Applicable to the Hydrogen Infrastructure. Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Vancouver, Canada, July 17-21, 2016.
  •  
  • 10. Itou, H.; Tsurumaki, S.; Moriga, T.; Matsukuma, Y.; Minemoto, M. Study on Deterioration Mechanism of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 2009, 35, 184-190.
  •  
  • 11. Moon, Y.; Lee, H.; Jung, J.; Han, H. Direct Visualization of Carbon Black Aggregates in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber by THz Near-Field Microscope. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 7846.
  •  
  • 12. Wang, Y.; Ma, R.; Wang, B.; Liu, X.; Zhao, X.; Liu, L.; Zhang, L.; Gao, Y. Influence of Number and Strength of Hydrogen Bonds on Fracture Property and Microscopic Mechanisms of Associative Hydrogen-Bonded Polymers via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Langmuir 2024, 40, 27501-27510.
  •  
  • 13. Jung, J. K.; Lee, C. H.; Baek, U. B.; Choi, M. C.; Bae, J. W. Filler Influence on H2 Permeation Properties in Sulfur-Cross-Linked Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Polymers Blended with Different Concentrations of Carbon Black and Silica Fillers. Polymers 2022, 14, 592.
  •  
  • 14. Dewapriya, M. A. N.; Rajapakse, R. K. N. D.; Nigam, N. Influence of Hydrogen Functionalization on the Fracture Strength of Graphene and the Interfacial Properties of Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposite. Carbon 2015, 93, 830-842.
  •  
  • 15. Castagnet, S.; Grandidier, J.-C.; Comyn, M.; Benoît, G. Mechanical Testing of Polymers in Pressurized Hydrogen: Tension, Creep and Ductile Fracture. Exp. Mech. 2012, 52, 229-239.
  •  
  • 16. Lee, J.-H.; Kim, Y.-W.; Jung, J.-K. Investigation of the Gas Permeation Properties Using the Volumetric Analysis Technique for Polyethylene Materials Enriched with Pure Gases under High Pressure: H₂, He, N₂, O₂ and Ar. Polymers 2023, 15, 4019.
  •  
  • 17. Jung, J. K.; Kim, G. H.; Gim, G. H.; Park, C. Y.; Lee, J. H. Determination of Gas Permeation Properties in Polymer Using Capacitive Electrode Sensors. Sensors 2022, 22, 1141.
  •  
  • 18. Yamabe, J.; Nishimura, S. Influence of Fillers on Hydrogen Penetration Properties and Blister Fracture of Rubber Composites for O-Ring Exposed to High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34, 1977-1989.
  •  
  • 19. Briscoe, B. J.; Savvas, T.; Kelly, C. T. ‘Explosive Decompression Failure’ of Rubbers: A Review of the Origins of Pneumatic Stress Induced Rupture in Elastomers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1994, 67, 384-416.
  •  
  • 20. Fujiwara, H.; Ono, H.; Nishimura, S. Effects of Fillers on the Hydrogen Uptake and Volume Expansion of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Composites Exposed to High Pressure Hydrogen: -Property of Polymeric Materials for High Pressure Hydrogen Devices (3). Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2022, 47, 4725-4740.
  •  
  • 21. Jung, J. K.; Baek, U. B.; Lee, S. H.; Choi, M. C.; Bae, J. W. Hydrogen Gas Permeation in Peroxide-Crosslinked Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Polymer Composites with Carbon Black and Silica Fillers. J. Polym. Sci. 2023, 61, 460-471.
  •  
  • 22. Takeyama, Y.; Ueno, M.; Uejima, M.; Fujiwara, H.; Nishimura, S. Development of Carbon Nanotube/Rubber Composite Materials with Excellent High Pressure Hydrogen Characteristics. Kobunshi Ronbunshu 2019, 76, 288-296.
  •  
  • 23. Jung, J. K.; Lee, J. H.; Jang, J. S.; Chun, N. K.; Park, C. Y.; Baek, U. B.; Nahm, S. H. Characterization Technique of Gases Permeation Properties in Polymers: H2, He, N2 and Ar Gas. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 3328.
  •  
  • 24. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Chung, K. S.; Baek, U. B. Gas Chromatography Techniques to Evaluate the Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics in Rubber: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 4859.
  •  
  • 25. Lee, J. H.; Jung, J. K. Development of Image-Based Water Level Sensor with High-Resolution and Low-Cost Using Image Processing Algorithm: Application to Outgassing Measurements from Gas-Enriched Polymer. Sensors 2024, 24, 7699.
  •  
  • 26. Fujiwara, H.; Ono, H.; Onoue, K.; Nishimura, S. High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen Permeation Test Method - Property of Polymeric Materials for High-Pressure Hydrogen Devices (1). Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 29082-29094.
  •  
  • 27. Liu, J.; Guo, Y.; Xing, X.; Zhang, X.; Yang, Y.; Cui, G. A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogen Permeation Barrier in the Hydrogen Transportation Pipeline: Mechanism, Application, Preparation, and Recent Advances. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2025, 101, 504-528.
  •  
  • 28. Joo, T.; Mizrahi Rodriguez, K.; Lee, H.; Acharya, D.; Doherty, C. M.; Smith, Z. P. The Role of Free Volume, Hydrogen Bonds, and Crosslinks on Physical Aging in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs). J. Mater. Chem. A 2023, 11, 15943-15957.
  •  
  • 29. Wang, J.; Bao, J.; Zhou, J.; Li, X.; Zhang, X.; Chen, W. Effects of Physical Aging on the Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Crystallization Behaviors of Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Polymers. J. Polym. Sci. 2022, 60, 97-108.
  •  
  • 30. Saldan, I.; Stetsiv, Y.; Makogon, V.; Kovalyshyn, Y.; Yatsyshyn, M.; Reshetnyak, O. Physical Sorption of Molecular Hydrogen by Microporous Organic Polymers. Chem. Chem. Technol. 2019, 13, 85-94.
  •  
  • 31. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Chung, K. S.; Baek, U. B. Analyses of Permeation Characteristics of Hydrogen in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Using Gas Chromatography. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2021, 267, 124653.
  •  
  • 32. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Chung, K. S.; Kim, Y.-I.; Kim, D. H. Determination of Permeation Properties of Hydrogen Gas in Sealing Rubbers Using Thermal Desorption Analysis Gas Chromatography. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 17092.
  •  
  • 33. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Chung, K. S.; Baek, U. B. Analyses of Permeation Characteristics of Hydrogen in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Using Gas Chromatography. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2021, 267, 124653.
  •  
  • 34. Hernández-Fernández, J.; Lopez-Martinez, J.; Barceló, D. Development and Validation of a Methodology for Quantifying Parts-per-Billion Levels of Arsine and Phosphine in Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Using a Variable Pressure Sampler Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2021, 1637, 461833.
  •  
  • 35. Ono, H.; Fujiwara, H.; Nishimura, S. Penetrated Hydrogen Content and Volume Inflation in Unfilled NBR Exposed to High-Pressure Hydrogen: What Are the Characteristics of Unfilled NBR Dominating Them? Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2018, 43, 18392-18402.
  •  
  • 36. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Jeon, S. K.; Chung, K. S. Characterizing the Hydrogen Transport Properties of Rubbery Polymers by Gravimetric Analysis. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2021, 94, 688-703.
  •  
  • 37. Kofahl, C.; Dörrer, L.; Wulfmeier, H.; Fritze, H.; Ganschow, S.; Schmidt, H. Hydrogen Diffusion in Li(Nb,Ta)O3 Single Crystals Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Chem. Mater. 2024, 36, 1639-1647.
  •  
  • 38. Hurley, C.; Martin, F.; Marchetti, L.; Chêne, J.; Blanc, C.; Andrieu, E. Role of Grain Boundaries in the Diffusion of Hydrogen in Nickel Base Alloy 600: Study Coupling Thermal Desorption Mass Spectroscopy with Numerical Simulation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2016, 41, 17145-17153.
  •  
  • 39. Hurley, C.; Martin, F.; Marchetti, L.; Chêne, J.; Blanc, C.; Andrieu, E. Numerical Modeling of Thermal Desorption Mass Spectroscopy (TDS) for the Study of Hydrogen Diffusion and Trapping Interactions in Metals. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2025, 40, 3402-3414.
  •  
  • 40. Arai, M.; Sasaki, Y.; Kouno, A.; Kobayashi, T.; Yamamoto, Y.; Ishikawa, Y. Reduction in Hydrogen Permeation through Diaphragm Used in Differential Pressure and Pressure Transmitters. Shinku/J. Vac. Soc. Jpn. 2001, 44, 740-746.
  •  
  • 41. Jung, J. K.; Lee, J. H.; Kim, Y. W.; Chung, N. K. Development of Portable Gas Sensing System for Measuring Gas Emission Concentration and Diffusivity Using Commercial Manometric Sensors in Gas Exposed Polymers: Application to Pure Gases, H2, He, N2, O2, and Ar. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2024, 418, 136240.
  •  
  • 42. Jung, J. K.; Kim, K.-T.; Chung, K. S. Two Volumetric Techniques for Determining the Transport Properties of Hydrogen Gas in Polymer. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2022, 276, 125364.
  •  
  • 43. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Kim, K. T.; Ryu, K. S.; Chung, K. S. Evaluation Techniques of Hydrogen Permeation in Sealing Rubber Materials. Polym. Test. 2021, 93, 107016.
  •  
  • 44. Jung, J. K.; Lee, J. H. High-Performance Hydrogen Gas Sensor System Based on Transparent Coaxial Cylinder Capacitive Electrodes and a Volumetric Analysis Technique. Sci. Rep. 2024, 14, 1967.
  •  
  • 45. Jung, J. K. Review of Developed Methods for Measuring Gas Uptake and Diffusivity in Polymers Enriched by Pure Gas under High Pressure. Polymers 2024, 16, 723.
  •  
  • 46. Shuki, N.; Ryosuke, M. Volumetric Strain Dependence of Quantum Diffusion of Hydrogen in BCC Iron. ISIJ Int. 2021, 61, 1294-1299.
  •  
  • 47. Policicchio, A.; Maccallini, E.; Kalantzopoulos, G. N.; Cataldi, U.; Abate, S.; Desiderio, G.; Agostino, R. G. Volumetric Apparatus for Hydrogen Adsorption and Diffusion Measurements: Sources of Systematic Error and Impact of Their Experimental Resolutions. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2013, 84, 103907.
  •  
  • 48. Alanazi, A.; Abid, H.; Bawazeer, S. A.; Aljeban, N.; Abu-Mahfouz, I. S.; Keshavarz, A.; Iglauer, S.; Hoteit, H. Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Kinetic Adsorption and Diffusion Behavior into Organic-Rich Shale: Implications of Mineralogy and Organic Content. Energy Fuels 2024, 38, 23009-23024.
  •  
  • 49. Alanazi, A.; Abid, H. R.; Abu-Mahfouz, I. S.; Bawazeer, S. A.; Matamba, T.; Keshavarz, A.; Iglauer, S.; Hoteit, H. Hydrogen Adsorption Kinetics in Organic-Rich Shale Reservoir Rocks for Seasonal Geological Storage. Fuel 2025, 379, 132964.
  •  
  • 50. Jung, J. K.; Lee, C. H.; Son, M. S.; Lee, J. H.; Baek, U. B.; Chung, K. S.; Choi, M. C.; Bae, J. W. Filler Effects on H2 Diffusion Behavior in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Blended with Carbon Black and Silica Fillers of Different Concentrations. Polymers 2022, 14, 700.
  •  
  • 51. Jung, J. K.; Kim, K. T.; Baek, U. B.; Nahm, S. H. Volume Dependence of Hydrogen Diffusion for Sorption and Desorption Processes in Cylindrical-Shaped Polymers. Polymers 2022, 14, 756.
  •  
  • 52. Lee, J. H.; Kim, Y. W.; Chung, N. K.; Kang, H. M.; Moon, W. J.; Choi, M. C.; Jung, J. K. Multiphase Modeling of Pressure-Dependent Hydrogen Diffusivity in Fractal Porous Structures of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber-Carbon Black Composites with Different Fillers. Polymer 2024, 311, 127552.
  •  
  • 53. Jung, J. K.; Lee, J. H.; Jeon, S. K.; Lee, C. H.; Moon, W. J. H₂ Uptake and Diffusion Characteristics in Sulfur-Crosslinked Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Polymer Composites with Carbon Black and Silica Fillers after High-Pressure Hydrogen Exposure Reaching 90 MPa. Polymers 2023, 15, 162.
  •  
  • 54. Lu, X.; Johnsen, R. Hydrogen Diffusion and Uptake in Nickel Alloy 625 under Cathodic Protection Conditions. Heliyon 2024, 10, e33924.
  •  
  • 55. Rodoni, E.; Verbeken, K.; Depover, T.; Iannuzzi, M. Effect of Microstructure on the Hydrogen Embrittlement, Diffusion, and Uptake of Dual-Phase Low Alloy Steels with Varying Ferrite-Martensite Ratios. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2024, 50, 53-65.
  •  
  • 56. Peral, L. B.; Díaz, A.; Alegre, J. M.; Cuesta, I. I. Hydrogen Uptake and Diffusion Kinetics in a Quenched and Tempered Low Carbon Steel: Experimental and Numerical Study. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2023, 48, 35347-35365.
  •  
  • 57. Turnbull, A. Perspectives on Hydrogen Uptake, Diffusion, and Trapping. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015, 40, 16961-16970.
  •  
  • 58. Prüßner, K.; Decker, M.; Christ, H.-J. Hydrogen Uptake, Diffusion, and Solubility in Commercial β-Titanium Alloys. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2002, 4, 308-312.
  •  
  • 59. Raheem, H.; Craster, B.; Seshia, A. Analysis of Permeation and Diffusion Coefficients to Infer Aging Attributes in Polymers Subjected to Supercritical CO2 and H2 Gas at High Pressures. Polymers 2022, 14, 3741.
  •  
  • 60. Lee, J. H.; Kim, Y. W.; Kim, D. J.; Chung, N. K.; Jung, J. K. Comparison of Two Methods for Measuring the Temperature Dependence of H₂ Permeation Parameters in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Polymer Composites Blended with Fillers: The Volumetric Analysis Method and the Differential Pressure Method. Polymers 2024, 16, 280.
  •  
  • 61. Rabiee, H.; Ghadimi, A.; Mohammadi, T. Gas Transport Properties of Reverse-Selective Poly(Ether-b-Amide6)/[Emim][BF4] Gel Membranes for CO2/Light Gases Separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2015, 476, 286-302.
  •  
  • 62. Uragami, T. Selective Membranes for Purification and Separation of Organic Liquid Mixtures. Compr. Membr. Sci. Eng. 2010, 2, 273-324.
  •  
  • 63. Cai, Y.; Wang, Z.; Yi, C.; Bai, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, S. Gas Transport Property of Polyallylamine-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Polysulfone Composite Membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 310, 184-196.
  •  
  • 64. McHattie, J. S.; Koros, W. J.; Paul, D. R. Gas Transport Properties of Polysulphones: 1. Role of Symmetry of Methyl Group Placement on Bisphenol Rings. Polymer 1991, 32, 840-850.
  •  
  • 65. Macher, J.; Hausberger, A.; Macher, A. E.; Morak, M.; Schrittesser, B. Critical Review of Models for H2-Permeation through Polymers with Focus on the Differential Pressure Method. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 22574-22590.
  •  
  • 66. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Jeon, S. K.; Kim, K.-T.; Baek, U. B.; Nahm, S. H. Volumetric Analysis Technique for Analyzing the Transport Properties of Hydrogen Gas in Cylindrical-Shaped Rubbery Polymers. Polym. Test. 2021, 99, 107147.
  •  
  • 67. Nelder, J. A.; Mead, R. A Simplex Method for Function Minimization. Comput. J. 1965, 7, 308-313.
  •  
  • 68. Jung, J. K.; Lee, J. H.; Jeon, S. K.; Bae, J. W.; Moon, W. J. Correlations between H₂ Permeation and Physical/Mechanical Properties in Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Polymers Blended with Carbon Black and Silica Fillers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2865.
  •  
  • 69. Jung, J. K.; Kim, K.-T.; Baek, U. B. Simultaneous Three-Channel Measurements of Hydrogen Diffusion with Light Intensity Analysis of Images by Employing Webcam. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2022, 37, 19-26.
  •  
  • 70. CSA ANSI CHMC 2:19. Test Methods for Evaluating Material Compatibility in Compressed Hydrogen Applications-Polymers. Ottawa, Canada: CSA Group; 2019.
  •  
  • 71. Ding, S.; Petuskey, W. T. Solutions to Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion with a Sinusoidal Excitation. Solid State Ionics 1998, 109, 101-110.
  •  
  • 72. Mejlbro, L. The Complete Solution of Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion with Time-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient and Surface Concentration. Durab. Concr. Saline Environ. 1996, 25, 127-158.
  •  
  • 73. Chen, Y.; Wang, J.; Flanagan, D. R. Fundamentals of Diffusion and Dissolution. In Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical Theory and Practice; 2nd ed.; Elsevier, 2017; pp 253-270.
  •  
  • 74. Crank, J. The Mathematics of Diffusion; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1979.
  •  
  • 75. Demarez, A.; Hock, A.; Meunier, F. Diffusion of Hydrogen in Mild Steel. Acta Metall. 1954, 2, 214-223.
  •  
  • 76. Jung, J. K.; Kim, K.-T.; Lee, J. H.; Baek, U. B. Effective and Low-Cost Gas Sensor Based on a Light Intensity Analysis of a Webcam Image: Gas Enriched Polymers under High Pressure. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2023, 393, 134258.
  •  
  • 77. Nishimura, S. Proceedings of the International Symposium of Hydrogen Polymers Team, HYDROGENIUS, Fukuoka, Japan, January 28, 2022.
  •  
  • 78. Jung, J. K.; Kim, I. G.; Kim, K. T. Evaluation of Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics in Rubbery Polymers. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2021, 21, 43-49.
  •  
  • 79. Moon, Y. I.; Jung, J. K.; Kim, G. H.; Chung, K. S. Observation of the Relaxation Process in Fluoroelastomers by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 2021, 608, 412870.
  •  
  • 80. Jung, J. K.; Baek, U. B.; Nahm, S. H.; Chung, K. S. Hydrogen Sorption and Desorption Properties in Rubbery Polymer. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2022, 279, 125745.
  •  
  • Polymer(Korea) 폴리머
  • Frequency : Bimonthly(odd)
    ISSN 2234-8077(Online)
    Abbr. Polym. Korea
  • 2024 Impact Factor : 0.6
  • Indexed in SCIE

This Article

  • 2025; 49(4): 499-511

    Published online Jul 25, 2025

  • 10.7317/pk.2025.49.4.499
  • Received on Feb 3, 2025
  • Revised on Mar 19, 2025
  • Accepted on Mar 20, 2025

Correspondence to

  • Ji Hun Lee

  • *Department of Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Korea
    **Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea

  • E-mail: ljh93@kriss.re.kr