
Kushal Chakraborty# , Jeong Man An*,# , and Yong-kyu Lee**,† 
Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27470, Korea
*Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
**Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27470, Korea
한국교통대학교 교통에너지융합학과, *한양대학교 생명공학과, **한국교통대학교 화공생물공학과
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Pristine manganese nanoflowers (MNF) have potential applications in photothermal therapy. The objective was to fine-tune the morphology to reach the desired temperature while avoiding permanent damage, a goal successfully accomplished through tungsten doping. In this study, we effectively incorporated tungsten metal into the flower morphology, resulting in defects and the formation of secondary mesopores within the channel, which subsequently led to a temperature reduction of nearly 20 ℃. The flawed surface clearly exhibited a peak in the mesopore-micropore region, which can be linked to the introduction of foreign metal doping. This approach to doping can be extensively employed to adjust the molecular structure during the application of photothermal therapy treatment.
순수한 망간으로 이루어진 나노플라워(MNF)는 광열 치료에 응용할 수 있는 잠재력이 있다. 정상조직의 영구적인 손상을 피하면서 암세포의 광열치료를 위한 원하는 온도에 도달하도록 나노플라워의 형태를 미세 조정하는 것이 우리 연구의 목표였으며, 텅스텐 도핑을 통해 이 목표를 성공적으로 달성했다. 이 연구에서 우리는 텅스텐 금속을 나노플라워에 효과적으로 도핑하여 표면과 내부에 결함을 발생시키고 메조 기공을 형성하여 광열 최대 온도를 20 °C 낮췄다. 결함이 있는 표면은 메조 기공-미세 기공 영역에서 피크를 분명히 보였으며, 이는 외부 금속 도핑의 도입과 관련이 있다. 이러한 도핑 접근법은 광열 치료법을 적용하는 동안 분자 구조를 조정하는 데 광범위하게 사용될 수 있다.
Keywords: manganese nanoflower, tungsten, nanoparticles, near infrared, mesopores, photothermal therapy.
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 2021R1A6A1A03046418). Additional support was provided by the NRF, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of the Korean government (Grant Nos. RS-2024-00405287 and 2021R1A2C2095113).
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
This Article2026; 50(1): 1-13
Published online Jan 25, 2026
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Correspondence toDepartment of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27470, Korea